Apollo 16 insignia |
Apollo 16 prime crew Thomas K. Mattingly. II(CMP), John W. Young(CDP), Charles M. Duke(LMP), (Left to right) |
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Apollo 16 insignia |
Apollo 16 prime crew Thomas K. Mattingly. II(CMP), John W. Young(CDP), Charles M. Duke(LMP), (Left to right) |
| Launch date | 16. Apr. 1972 17:54:00 UTC(12:54:00 EST) | ||||||||||||
| Mission Designation | AS-511 / SA-511 | ||||||||||||
| Launch vehcle | Saturn V
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| Spacecraft |
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| Launch Pad | PAD 39A | ||||||||||||
| Landing Location | Descartes Highlands 8.97 degrees South, 15.51 degrees East | ||||||||||||
| Prime crew |
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| Backup crew |
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| Mission Objective | First study of highlands area. Selected surface experiments deployed, ultraviolet camera/spectrograph used for first time on Moon, and LRV used for second time. | ||||||||||||
| Mission Result |
The launch was postponed about one month from the originally scheduled date, March 17, because of a docking ring jettison malfunction.
The S-IVB stage was released into a lunar impact trajectory, but due to an earlier problem with the auxiliary propulsion system (APS) helium regulators,
which resulted in continuous venting and loss of helium, the second APS burn could not be made.
Tracking of the S-IVB was lost.
The S-IVB stage impacted position and time was estimated from the Apollo 12, 14 and 15 seismic station data.
During translunar coast a CSM navigation problem was discovered in which a false indication would cause loss of inertial reference, this was solved by a real-time change in the computer program.
The LM separated from the CSM at 18:08:00 UT, but the LM descent was delayed almost 6 hours due to a malfunction in the yaw gimbal servo loop
on the CSM which caused oscillations in the service propulsion system (SPS).
Engineers determined that the problem would not seriously affect CSM steering
and the miision was allowed to continue with the LM descent.
Young and Duke made three moonwalk EVAs totaling 20 hours, 14 minutes.
During this time they covered 27 km using the Lunar Roving Vehicle, collected 94.7 kg of rock and soil samples.
After LM was jettisoned, the LM began tumbling, apparently due to an open circuit breaker in the guidance and navigation system.
As a result the planned deorbit and lunar impact could not be attempted.
The LM remained in lunar orbit with an estimated lifetime of one year.
The instrument boom which carried the orbital mass spectrometer would not retract and was jettisoned.
Because of earlier problems with the SPS yaw gimbal servo loop the mission was shortened by one day.
The orbital shaping maneuver was cancelled, and the subsatellite was spring-launched at 21:56:09 UT
into an elliptical orbit with a lifetime of one month, rather than the planned one-year orbit.
Mattingly began a cislunar EVA to retrieve camera film from the SIM bay and inspect instruments, two trips taking a total of 1 hour, 24 minutes.
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| CSM COLOR CHART | |||||
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| CSM-113 Apollo16 Casper |  |
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BLOCK2. About the same specification with CSM-112. |
| LM COLOR CHART | |||||
| LM-11 Apollo16 Orion |  |
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About the same specification with LM10. |
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[DVD] Apollo 16: Journey To Descartes Twentieth Century Fox Home Video (May 31, 2005) USD84.99  View details(Amazon.com)
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[BOOK] Apollo 16 : The NASA Mission Reports Apogee Books (June 1, 2002) USD13.57 Compiled here are many important documents about the Apollo 16 mission including the complete debriefing in the crew's own words. View details(Amazon.com)
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[DVD] From the Earth to the Moon - The Signature Edition Warner Home Video (September 20, 2005) USD70.98 Originally broadcast in April and May of 1998, the epic miniseries From the Earth to the Moon was HBO's most expensive production to date, with a budget of $68 million. Hosted by executive producer Tom Hanks, the miniseries tackles the daunting challenge of chronicling the entire history of NASA's Apollo space program from 1961 to 1972. For the most part, it's a rousing success. Some passages are flatly chronological, awkwardly wedging an abundance of factual detail into a routine dramatic structure. But each episode is devoted to a crucial aspect of the Apollo program. The cumulative effect is a deep and thorough appreciation of NASA's monumental achievement. With the help of a superlative cast, consistent writing, and a stable of talented directors, Hanks has shared his infectious enthusiasm for space exploration and the inspiring power of conquering the final frontier. NASA's complete participation in the production lends to its total authenticity, right down to the use of NASA equipment, launch locations, and even spacecraft. The re-creation of the lunar landscape is almost as impressive as the real thing and is further enhanced by the use of helium balloons to lighten the actors playing moon-walking astronauts. (These and other backstage details are revealed in the "making of" featurette, along with a wealth of supplemental materials, on a bonus disc in the miniseries' DVD package.) With a fictional, Walter Cronkite-like TV reporter (Lane Smith) serving as the dramatic link for all 12 episodes, this ambitious production may not be a great work of art. But as a generous and definitive example of nonfiction drama, it's full of the same kind of awe, inspiration, and humanity that led to "one giant leap" in the all-too-short history of 20th-century space exploration. View details(Amazon.com)
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[DVD] Apollo 13 Universal Studios (March 29, 2005) USD14.99 NASA's worst nightmare turned into one of the space agency's most heroic moments in 1970, when the Apollo 13 crew was forced to hobble home in a disabled capsule after an explosion seriously damaged the moon-bound spacecraft. Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, and Bill Paxton play (respectively) astronauts Jim Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in director Ron Howard's intense, painstakingly authentic docudrama. The Apollo 13 crew and Houston-based mission controllers race against time and heavy odds to return the damaged spacecraft safely to Earth from a distance of 205,500 miles. Using state-of-the-art special effects and ingenious filmmaking techniques, Howard and his stellar cast and crew build nail-biting tension while maintaining close fidelity to the facts. The result is a fitting tribute to the Apollo 13 mission and one of the biggest box-office hits of 1995. View details(Amazon.com)
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[BOOK] A Man on the Moon Penguin (Non-Classics) (April 1, 1998) USD10.85 A decade in the making, this book is based on hundreds of hours of in-depth interviews with each of the twenty-four moon voyagers, as well as those who contributed their brain power, training and teamwork on Earth. In his preface Chaikin writes, "We touched the face of another world and became a people without limits." What follows are thrilling accounts of such remarkable experiences as the rush of a liftoff, the heart-stopping touchdown on the moon, the final hurdle of re-entry, competition for a seat on a moon flight, the tragic spacecraft fire, and the search for clues to the origin of the solar system on the slopes of lunar mountains. "I've been there. Chaikin took me back."--Gene Cernan, Apollo 17 astronaut--This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. View details(Amazon.com)
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[BOOK] Apollo 13: Anniversary Edition Houghton Mifflin (April 11, 2000) USD16.38 On April 13, 1970, three American astronauts were on their way to the moon when a mysterious explosion rocked their ship, forcing them to abandon the main ship and spend four days in the tiny lunar module which was intended to support two men for two days. A harrowing story of danger, courage and brilliant off-the-cuff engineering solutions which resulted in a dramatic rescue. View details(Amazon.com)
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